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While they all made foundational contributions, McCarthy stands out for defining the field, naming it, catalyzing institutional research, and creating essential tools.

🧠 Summary

John McCarthy: coined “AI,” led Dartmouth Conference, created LISP → often hailed as the father of AI.

Alan Turing, Newell, Simon, and Minsky: foundational contributors, sometimes referred to as “founding fathers” of AI.

If you’d like to dive deeper into the history or the contributions of any of these figures, just let me know!