Trading operations typically refer to the back-office and front-office processes involved in buying and selling financial assets (e.g., stocks, currencies, crypto, commodities). This includes:

Area Key Functions

Front Office Trade execution, client interaction, market making

Middle Office Risk management, compliance, trade validation

Back Office Settlement, clearing, recordkeeping, reporting

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2. In Financial Institutions

In banks, hedge funds, or asset managers, trading operations ensure:

Timely trade confirmation & settlement

Reconciliation between internal & external systems

Regulatory reporting (e.g., to SEC, ESMA, or MAS)

Risk & exposure monitoring

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3. In Crypto Markets

Crypto trading operations may include:

Managing wallet balances across exchanges

Executing arbitrage or market-making strategies

Rebalancing stablecoin positions (e.g., after U.S. GENIUS Act)

Handling custody, slippage, gas fees, and API integrations