Global inflation has been a persistent challenge, with peaks nearing 9% at the end of 2022 due to supply chain disruptions and pent-up post-pandemic demand. While moderation is expected in 2025, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) still estimates a 31% probability that global inflation will exceed 5% this year, reflecting ongoing risks.

This translates into rising costs of inputs, energy, and raw materials, affecting international trade and competitiveness. Central banks continue to adjust monetary policies, such as raising interest rates, to contain price increases, seeking a delicate balance to avoid significant economic slowdown. Uncertainty persists, influencing investment and growth projections.