Countries have adopted varied strategies to counter U.S. tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump, primarily focusing on retaliation, negotiation, or economic diversification. Below is an overview based on available information:1. Retaliatory TariffsMany nations have responded to Trump’s tariffs with tit-for-tat measures to protect their economic interests and signal resistance to U.S. trade policies:

China: China has consistently retaliated with tariffs on U.S. goods. For instance, in response to Trump’s 54% tariffs on Chinese imports, China imposed a 34% duty on American products and later escalated to 84% when U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods reached 125%. China also restricted rare earth exports critical to U.S. technology and defense sectors. Additionally, China filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO), labeling U.S. tariffs as a violation of trade rules.

European Union (EU): The EU has imposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods, targeting products like soybeans, motorcycles, and beauty products. In response to Trump’s 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum, EU member states approved countermeasures on $23–28 billion worth of U.S. goods. The EU has emphasized that these U.S. tariffs are "unjustified and damaging" to global trade.Canada: Canada retaliated with a 25% tariff on $155 billion of U.S. imports, particularly targeting auto imports, in response to Trump’s 25% tariffs on Canadian goods, including non-USMCA-compliant products.Mexico: Mexico has signaled plans for retaliatory tariffs, though specific measures are less detailed compared to Canada and the EU. Mexico’s response is partly driven by Trump’s tariffs linked to border security and fentanyl concerns.Brazil: Brazil threatened retaliation against Trump’s proposed 50% tariffs, with President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva stating that Brazil "will not accept being abused."

2.

Negotiation and DiplomacySeveral countries have pursued negotiations to mitigate or eliminate U.S. tariffs, seeking exemptions or trade deals:Japan: Japanese officials have engaged in talks to reduce the 24% tariff imposed on their exports, with Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba describing the tariffs as a "national crisis." Despite efforts, Trump has threatened to raise Japan’s tariff to 35% if negotiations fail.Vietnam: Vietnam secured a deal reducing its tariff from a proposed 46% to a 20% baseline, with a 40% rate on transshipments. This agreement reflects Vietnam’s proactive diplomatic outreach.

Israel: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with Trump to discuss the 17% tariff on Israeli goods, though no concessions were secured. Israel offered to remove tariffs on U.S. goods in return, but Trump declined.

Australia: Australia, facing the 10% baseline tariff, has opted for negotiations rather than retaliation. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced a $50 million assistance package to help industries like beef exports find new markets, while rejecting China’s offer to collaborate against U.S. tariffs.

India: India is considering slashing tariffs on $23 billion of U.S. imports (e.g., gems, jewelry, auto parts) to negotiate lower U.S. tariffs. An Indian official visited Washington to secure a deal before a July 9 deadline.

ASEAN and Timor-Leste: The 10 ASEAN member states and Timor-Leste agreed not to retaliate immediately, viewing the 90-day tariff pause as a window for pragmatic negotiations to find mutually beneficial solutions.

Colombia: Facing only the 10% baseline tariff due to its trade deficit with the U.S., Colombia is focusing on negotiations to avoid escalation.3. Economic Diversification and Domestic Support