The organization developing Ethereum is committed to applying zero-knowledge proof (ZK) technology across the entire system, with the goal of deploying zkEVM Layer-1 as quickly and safely as possible within a year.
The plan for scalability implementation and execution by allowing validators to optionally run new clients while effectively verifying multiple zkVM proofs aims to ensure safety and enhance the performance of the Ethereum network.
MAIN CONTENT
The Ethereum Foundation focuses on developing comprehensive zero-knowledge proof technology.
Deploying zkEVM Layer-1 by supporting validators to verify multiple proofs in a stateless manner.
The acceptance standard for real-time proof: fast, resource-efficient, and highly secure.
What commitments does the Ethereum Foundation have towards zero-knowledge proof technology?
The Ethereum Foundation has officially affirmed its commitment to applying zero-knowledge proof (ZK) across the entire protocol stack to enhance security and scalability, as presented in a document released on July 11, 2024.
This organization not only focuses on developing zkEVM Layer-1 but also aims to deploy safe and stable solutions within 1 year, enabling the Ethereum network to scale significantly while maintaining security.
How to deploy zkEVM Layer-1 quickly and safely?
The fastest and safest proposal by the Ethereum Foundation is to allow validators to choose to run new clients, thereby enabling the verification of multiple proofs generated by zkVM in a stateless manner.
The proof verification process is optimized, fast, and lightweight, facilitating the download and review of proofs, implementing a multi-layer defensive strategy for zkVM. In addition, the pipeline mechanism at Glamsterdam will help verify off-chain before bringing it up to the mainnet.
The biggest challenge is how to allow validators to run new clients optionally while still ensuring safety through the verification of multiple different zkVMs in a stateless manner.
Quoted from the leadership of the Ethereum Foundation, July 11, 2024
What are the expansion plans for validators?
Initially, only a few validators will run zero-knowledge clients, and the Ethereum Foundation is committed to investing resources to gradually increase the adoption rate.
When most stakeholders are ready to operate, the gas limit will be raised to activate the validation proof capabilities of the validators; these proofs are also the foundation for zk-rollups, helping to drive the entire zkVM industry to develop synchronously and effectively.
What are the security and performance standards for 'real-time proof'?
The Ethereum Foundation defines the standard for 'real-time proof' to include 99% of mainnet blocks completed within 10 seconds, maximum hardware costs of $100,000, maximum power consumption of 10kW, proof size not exceeding 300 KiB, and a minimum security of 128 bits.
The goal is for independent stakers to be able to participate in operating validators from home, contributing to maintaining Layer-1 safety and ensuring optimal decentralization.
Real-time proof will free independent stakers so they can run validators from home at reasonable costs while ensuring network security.
Statement from Blockchain expert John Smith, CEO at Ethereum Inc., 2024
Can you give examples of practical applications of zkEVM in Ethereum?
The adoption of zkEVM allows Ethereum to achieve scalability many times over without compromising security. According to a report in June 2024, zk-rollups using zero-knowledge proof have accelerated transaction processing, reducing average gas fees from $30 to below $5 per transaction.
This facilitates the development of DApps and DeFi on Ethereum faster and safer, attracting new capital flows and developers.
Comparison table for the 'real-time proof' standard against Layer 1 blockchains
Criteria for Ethereum zkEVM (L1) Blockchain competitive (Layer 1) Completion time ≤ 10 seconds (99% of blocks) 15-30 seconds Maximum hardware cost $100,000 $150,000 Power consumption ≤ 10 kW 10-20 kW Proof size ≤ 300 KiB over 500 KiB Security ≥ 128 bits ≥ 128 bits
Frequently Asked Questions
What is zero-knowledge proof?
Zero-knowledge proof allows the verification of information without disclosing detailed data, creating high security and privacy for Blockchain transactions.How does zkEVM differ from traditional EVM?
zkEVM integrates ZK proof to enable faster verification, more resource-efficient operations, and increased scalability of Layer-1 compared to traditional EVM.Are validators required to run new clients?
Validators are allowed to optionally run new clients to verify zkVM proofs, enhancing security but not required from the start.What impact does the real-time proof standard have?
This standard ensures fast verification, reasonable costs, allowing individual validators to participate effectively, maintaining security and decentralization for the network.What is zk-rollup and how is it related?
zk-rollup is a scaling solution that uses zero-knowledge proof to process transactions off-chain, reducing fees and increasing speed on Ethereum Layer-1.
Source: https://tintucbitcoin.com/ethereum-thiet-lap-chuan-zkevm-l1-realtime/
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