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Quantum Computing
Quantum computer simulates spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature
Unprecedented experiment reproduces phase transition in a system with short-range interactions, challenging traditional predictions of physics
In practical terms, the difference between a classical computer and a quantum computer lies mainly in performance. In theory, both can solve the same mathematically formulable problems. The difference is how long they take to solve them. Some calculations, such as the factorization of gigantic numbers into two primes, which would take millions of years on classical computers, can be executed much faster on quantum computers.
Using a classical computer to simulate quantum systems would be a contradiction. And, at times, an impossible mission. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using quantum computing resources for such simulations, with the experiment conducted at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen. It is worth noting that Shenzhen is currently one of the most advanced scientific, technological, and industrial hubs on the planet. Designated in 1980 as China's first "special economic zone," the city transformed from a fishing village with about 30,000 inhabitants to a metropolis with over 17 million. Today, it hosts globally leading business giants.
The implementation was carried out with superconducting qubits, based on aluminum and niobium alloys, operating at temperatures on the order of millikelvin. "The advantage of superconducting qubits is scalability: it is technically possible to build chips with hundreds of them," says Santos.
The concept of symmetry breaking is present in all areas of physics. All physics is structured around symmetries and their breaking. "Symmetry gives us the laws of conservation. Symmetry breaking allows complex structures to emerge," summarizes Santos.
Quantum Computing
Quantum computer simulates spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature
Unprecedented experiment reproduces phase transition in a system with short-range interactions, challenging traditional predictions of physics
In practical terms, the difference between a classical computer and a quantum computer lies mainly in performance. In theory, both can solve the same mathematically formulable problems. The difference is how long they take to solve them. Some calculations, such as the factorization of gigantic numbers into two primes, which would take millions of years on classical computers, can be executed much faster on quantum computers.
Using a classical computer to simulate quantum systems would be a contradiction. And, at times, an impossible mission. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using quantum computing resources for such simulations, with the experiment conducted at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen. It is worth noting that Shenzhen is currently one of the most advanced scientific, technological, and industrial hubs on the planet. Designated in 1980 as China's first "special economic zone," the city transformed from a fishing village with about 30,000 inhabitants to a metropolis with over 17 million. Today, it hosts globally leading business giants.
The implementation was carried out with superconducting qubits, based on aluminum and niobium alloys, operating at temperatures on the order of millikelvin. "The advantage of superconducting qubits is scalability: it is technically possible to build chips with hundreds of them," says Santos.
The concept of symmetry breaking is present in all areas of physics. All physics is structured around symmetries and their breaking. "Symmetry gives us the laws of conservation. Symmetry breaking allows complex structures to emerge," summarizes Santos.
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