$BTC According to researcher Bert Miller, bots on Solana use about 40% of its blockspace while contributing a mere 7% of total fees. Meanwhile, on Ethereum L2s like Base and OP mainnet, spam bots reportedly eat up more than half of the available gas but pay a fraction of the costs compared to legitimate users.

Miller shared one stark example on X: Between November 2024 and February 2025, Base boosted its throughput by 11 million gas per second, roughly the same as three Ethereum mainnets, only to see pretty much all of it absorbed by spam bots.