Cryptocurrencies operate on a decentralized database called blockchain. This technology securely and transparently records all transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks. Each transaction is validated by a network of computers (nodes) that solve complex mathematical problems, a process known as "mining" in some cryptocurrencies.

Transactions are stored in "digital wallets" that have private keys to access and transfer funds.

Main features:

* Decentralization: They do not depend on any central authority, making them resistant to censorship and government control.

* Cryptography: They use advanced cryptographic techniques to secure transactions and protect information.

* Transparency: All transactions are recorded on the blockchain, which is public and accessible to anyone.

* Anonymity (relative): While transactions are public, users' identities are usually pseudonymous.

* Limited supply (in some): Many cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, have a maximum limit of units that can exist, which can influence their value.

Advantages:

* Accessibility: Anyone with internet access can participate in the cryptocurrency market.