During his presidency, Donald Trump implemented a series of tariffs that reshaped global trade dynamics and had lasting effects on the U.S. and global economy. Often framed under the umbrella of “America First,” these policies aimed to reduce trade deficits, protect domestic industries, and pressure foreign governments—most notably China—into trade reform.
What Were Trump’s Tariffs?
The Trump administration imposed hundreds of billions of dollars in tariffs between 2018 and 2020, targeting:
Steel and aluminum (25% and 10% tariffs, respectively)
Chinese imports (over $350 billion in goods)
European and Canadian products, including autos and agricultural goods
These were often implemented under Section 232 (national security) and Section 301 (unfair trade practices) of U.S. trade law.
Goals of the Tariffs
Reduce the U.S. trade deficit
Revitalize U.S. manufacturing
Curb intellectual property theft
Strengthen national security
Rebalance trade relationships, especially with China
Economic and Market Impact
Higher costs for U.S. businesses and consumers, especially in manufacturing and agriculture
Supply chain disruptions
Retaliatory tariffs from China, the EU, Canada, and others
Increased uncertainty in financial markets
Mixed results in job creation within protected sectors
The U.S.–China Trade War
A centerpiece of Trump’s tariff strategy was the trade war with China. The U.S. levied tariffs on key Chinese exports, while China retaliated against U.S. goods like soybeans, pork, and automotive products. Tensions peaked in 2019, though a Phase One deal was signed in early 2020 to ease some hostilities.
Legacy and Current Status
While some tariffs remain in place under the Biden administration, there’s been a shift toward strategic realignment rather than blanket tariffs. Still, Trump’s tariffs changed how both policymakers and businesses think about globalization, supply chains, and economic nationalism.