#TradingPairs101

What Is Pairs Trading?

Pairs trading is a day trading strategy in which an investor takes a long position and a short position in two securities that have shown a high historical correlation, but which have fallen momentarily out of sync.

The correlation between the two securities refers to the degree that two securities move in relation to one other. More specifically, correlation is a statistical measurement that measures the relationship between the historical performance of two securities.

It’s usually expressed as something called a “correlation coefficient.” This measure falls between -1.0 and +1.0, with negative 1 indicating that two securities move in exactly opposite ways. A correlation coefficient of positive one indicates that the two securities move up and down at exactly the same times under the same conditions.

What Types of Assets Are Traded in Pairs?

Numerous types of financial assets can be traded in pairs, and the list includes stocks, commodities, options, funds, and even currencies. In one sense, the asset or security at the heart of the trade is somewhat irrelevant, as traders are looking to take advantage of the difference in value (and thus, a different investment position) between the two. Again, the whole goal is to try and beat the average market return.

Often, though, pairs trading is discussed in relation to stocks, as that may be the asset class that most trading discussions revolve around.