#交易对 Four, Major Sources of Liquidity (Continued)

• Bid-ask spreads, such as designated market makers (DMM) on the NYSE providing liquidity for stocks.

2. High-Frequency Traders (HFTs)

◦ Utilize advanced algorithms and technology to quickly buy and sell assets, profiting from small price fluctuations while increasing market depth and liquidity, as some quantitative hedge funds employ high-frequency trading strategies.

3. Large Financial Institutions and Investors

◦ Banks, mutual funds, pension funds, etc., conduct large-scale trading in the market, and their trading activities also provide a certain amount of liquidity, but