Vitalik Buterin & Charles Hoskinson debate zk-proof efficiency, sparking wider blockchain critique on X.
Hoskinson slams Ethereum’s design, citing Sybil attack risks; Buterin proposes Layer-Zero zkVM.
Cardano founder Hoskinson questions Ethereum’s long-term viability and Layer-2 strategy.
A technical discussion on X (formerly Twitter) between Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin and Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson quickly blew up into a wider critique of blockchain design, governance, and the practical, real-world viability of zero-knowledge (zk) proof systems.
It all began with a mathematical musing from Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, who explored the theoretical efficiency of distributing zk proof workloads across multiple provers.
A fun math aside, on the idea of splitting a large zk proving workload between multiple provers.
Suppose you have N provers, and you have a proving workload that you split into N parts (so, one part per prover). You require provers to pre-register, but registration is…
— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) May 21, 2025
Buterin proposed that by using open-access registration and fault-tolerant retries, the system could a…
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