Trading operations refer to the entire process involved in buying and selling financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies in various financial markets. These operations are typically carried out by traders or brokers working within financial institutions like banks, investment firms, or trading houses. A trading operation involves market research, analyzing price trends, monitoring economic indicators, executing trades, and managing risks. It also includes post-trade activities like settlement, reporting, and compliance with regulatory requirements. Efficient trading operations require the use of advanced software platforms, real-time data analysis, and a strong understanding of market dynamics. Proper risk management strategies are crucial to minimize potential losses and ensure profitability. Trading can be short-term, like day trading or scalping, or long-term based on investment goals.