India vs pakistan war

India and Pakistan have fought several wars and numerous military skirmishes since their independence in 1947. Here's a brief overview of the major wars:

1. First Indo-Pak War (1947–1948) – Kashmir Conflict

Cause: After Partition, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was contested. Pakistan-backed tribal forces invaded; the Maharaja chose to accede to India.

Outcome: Ceasefire brokered by the UN. Kashmir was divided between India (about 2/3rd) and Pakistan (1/3rd).

2. Second Indo-Pak War (1965) – Operation Gibraltar

Cause: Pakistan attempted to infiltrate Kashmir and incite rebellion.

Outcome: Stalemate. The Tashkent Agreement (mediated by the USSR) restored pre-war boundaries.

3. Third Indo-Pak War (1971) – Bangladesh Liberation War

Cause: India supported East Pakistan’s (now Bangladesh) fight for independence following a brutal crackdown by West Pakistan.

Outcome: India achieved a decisive victory. Bangladesh was created. Over 90,000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered.

4. Kargil War (1999)

Cause: Pakistani soldiers and militants occupied Indian positions in Kargil (J&K).

Outcome: India recaptured territory after intense fighting. International pressure, especially from the U.S., forced Pakistan to withdraw.

Ongoing Tensions

Despite no full-scale war since 1999, India and Pakistan continue to have border skirmishes, particularly along the Line of Control (LoC).

Major incidents include the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, 2008 Mumbai attacks, and 2019 Pulwama–Balakot escalation.