On May 7, 2025, Ethereum will welcome the highly anticipated Pectra upgrade, which integrates multiple innovations to inject new momentum into the development of the Ethereum ecosystem.

Core content upgrade analysis

  • Optimization of the validator mechanism: Through EIP - 7251, the staking limit for validators is significantly increased from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH, reducing the speed at which new validators can join, alleviating the management burden on operators, while also reducing the number of network messages, optimizing the pressure on the validator network layer, and improving overall efficiency. Small operators can directly participate in staking appreciation, lowering the entry threshold and promoting decentralization of the staking ecosystem; large operators can consolidate validators to reduce resource waste.

  • Execution layer function enhancement: Introduce a withdraw feature in the execution layer to allow stakers to manage assets more flexibly, enhance trust in the equity structure, and improve user control over assets.

  • Blob-related improvements: EIP - 7691 doubles the throughput of Ethereum blobs, increasing the average number of blobs supported per block from 3 to 6 on the mainnet, with a maximum of 9, further reducing transaction costs for Layer 2 users and promoting the development of the Layer 2 ecosystem; EIP - 7623 limits the worst-case size of blocks, offsetting the bandwidth increase brought by EIP - 7691, ensuring network stability.

Maturity of the staking ecosystem

Optimization of the validator mechanism to attract more participants, where small operators and large institutions leverage their strengths under the new framework, balancing decentralization and efficiency in the staking ecosystem, potentially further increasing the staking rate, enhancing the security and stability of the Ethereum network, and attracting more long-term capital inflow.

Improvement in network performance and scalability

Increased blob throughput and block size limitations relieve network congestion, improve transaction processing efficiency, reduce Layer 2 costs, promote the prosperity of Layer 2 solutions, create a positive interaction between the mainnet and Layer 2 networks, strengthen Ethereum's competitiveness in scalability, attract more DApp developers and users, and expand the ecosystem.

Market confidence and value growth

Improvements such as the execution layer withdrawal function enhance user confidence in assets and increase Ethereum's reliability as a blockchain infrastructure. If the upgrade goes smoothly, it will attract more stakers and investors, driving market value growth, further consolidating leadership in the highly competitive public chain space, and potentially triggering a positive market response in the short term while laying the groundwork for continuous innovation and development in the long term.


The Pectra upgrade is a key step in Ethereum's development journey, with multi-dimensional innovations expected to reshape its ecological landscape from staking to network performance, from user experience to market confidence, preparing for future challenges and opportunities, warranting close attention from investors and practitioners to seize potential opportunities brought by Ethereum's evolution.

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