### The Main Problems of Blockchain Systems in 2025: Vitalik Buterin's View

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, has always been at the forefront of discussions about the future of blockchain technology. In 2025, he identified several key issues that he believes will shape the development of blockchain systems. In this article, we will look at the main ones, as well as possible solutions.

#### 1. Scalability

One of the most discussed issues of blockchain systems remains scalability. As the number of users and transactions increases, many networks face performance issues. Buterin emphasizes that high transaction processing speeds and low fees are necessary to achieve mass adoption of blockchain technologies.

Solutions:

- Sharding: Dividing the network into smaller pieces that can process transactions in parallel.

- Second-level layers: Using solutions such as the Lightning Network for Bitcoin or Optimistic Rollups for Ethereum that allow transactions to be processed outside the main chain.

#### 2. Energy efficiency

With the increasing popularity of blockchain systems based on the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, a serious problem with energy consumption arises. Buterin notes that in 2025, public opinion will be increasingly critical of the environment, and blockchain projects will have to adapt to these requirements.

Solutions:

- Switching to Proof of Stake (PoS): Ethereum has already made this move, and other networks may also consider switching to more environmentally friendly consensus mechanisms.

- Algorithm optimization: Developing more efficient algorithms that require less computing resources.

#### 3. Security and Vulnerabilities

With the increasing number of attacks on blockchain systems, security remains a major concern. Buterin emphasizes that even the most reliable systems can be vulnerable, and it is necessary to constantly work on improving security.

Solutions:

- Code audit: Regular checks and audits of smart contracts and protocols.

- User education: Raising user awareness of potential risks and protection methods.#CryptoAdoption