The conflict between the United States and China is far more complex than just tariffs or trade imbalances — it’s a deep strategic battle for economic, technological, and ideological dominance. While it officially erupted in 2018 under President Donald Trump, the roots of the trade war had been growing for years.

First: The Stated (Surface) Reasons

1. Trade Deficit

The US runs an annual trade deficit of over $300 billion with China. President Trump cited this imbalance as a justification for imposing tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of Chinese goods.

2. Intellectual Property Theft

Washington accuses Beijing of stealing American technology through cyberattacks and by compelling US companies to transfer tech as a condition for market access.

3. State Support for Chinese Companies

China provides its firms with benefits like low-interest loans, tax incentives, and free land, giving them an "unfair" advantage over American competitors.

4. Market Access Inequality

While Chinese firms enjoy relatively free access to the US market, American companies face heavy restrictions and forced joint ventures in China.

Second: The Hidden Motives Behind the Conflict

1. Race for Future Dominance (Tech and AI)

China’s rise in fields like AI, 5G, and quantum computing poses a direct challenge to US global leadership. Companies like Huawei and TikTok are seen as strategic threats,

2. Threat to Dollar Supremacy

Beijing’s efforts to reduce reliance on the US dollar and promote the yuan in global trade alarm Washington, as dollar dominance underpins American financial power.

3. Belt and Road Initiative: Expanding Global Reach

China’s massive infrastructure project is viewed by the US as a strategy to expand its geopolitical influence, particularly across Africa and Asia.

4. Control Over the Semiconductor Industry

Semiconductors are the backbone of modern technology.

5. Emergence of an Alternative Economic System

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