#持有SCDO未来星辰大海

What known blockchain attacks can SCDO defend against?

Answer: SCDO has been designed with various known attack vectors in mind and has taken protective measures: First, against 51% attacks, the ZPoW multi-target algorithm increases the difficulty of the attack and prevents the attacker from monopolizing block production for an extended period using a single algorithm.

Secondly, in response to selfish mining attacks (where miners intentionally delay the release of blocks to profit), SCDO's fast block time and multi-sharding reduce the benefits of selfish mining while community monitoring can promptly detect abnormal hash power behavior.

Third, witch attacks are naturally limited in PoW networks because creating a massive number of false identities does not increase hash power; instead, it dilutes their own efficiency. SCDO can defend against this type of attack without additional measures. Fourth, double spending attacks, where an asset attempts to be used in two transactions.

SCDO, similar to Bitcoin, prevents double spending through the longest chain consensus principle: once a transaction is confirmed on the blockchain, to double spend, one must overturn existing blocks, which cannot be achieved with insufficient hash power. Meanwhile, the sharding design ensures that cross-shard transactions are ultimately consistent and cannot successfully double spend across different shards.

Fifth, denial of service attacks (DDoS): SCDO's P2P network uses random broadcasting and verification mechanisms, and a large amount of invalid data is quickly discarded and not propagated across the network. Miners will also prioritize processing real transactions with high fees, making it difficult for DDoS attacks to paralyze the network.

Sixth, smart contract vulnerabilities: Although contracts are written by developers, SCDO provides a mature EVM environment, compatible with various auditing tools and secure development models. Developers can use known best practices to avoid repeating Solidity vulnerabilities. At the same time, SCDO has no special backdoors; once a contract is published, it cannot be arbitrarily modified, ensuring the consistency of contract execution from a mechanistic perspective. Overall, SCDO can effectively defend against consensus layer attacks such as 51% attacks, double spending, DDoS, and provides a mature platform for the security of smart contract application layers. No system is absolutely secure, but SCDO has made ample preparations against known threats.