⚡️ When we talk about blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind is security and transparency. But what is the secret behind this power?

Answer: Merkle Tree, a structure that makes it impossible to tamper with data without being detected.


🌴 What is a Merkel tree?

A Merkle tree is a hierarchical data structure used to summarize and verify the integrity of large amounts of data in a blockchain.

Data is stored in blocks and is summarized using hashing.

The hashes at each level are merged until we reach the root (Merkle Root), which is the final hash that represents all the data in the tree.


🌳 How does a Merkel tree work?

1️⃣. Segmentation of raw data:
Every transaction in the blockchain is converted into a hash.
Example: Transaction (A) converts to H(A).


2️⃣. Merge partitions:
Each two hashes are merged together to form a new hash.
Example: H(A) and H(B) combine to form H(AB).


3️⃣. Root access:
The process continues until we reach a single hash known as the Merkle Root, which represents the entire tree.


🪐 Why is the Merkle Tree important?

🔤. Absolute security:
Any modification to any transaction changes the entire root, making it impossible to tamper with data without being detected.


🔤. Verification efficiency:
Instead of checking all the data, it is enough to check one path inside the tree (Proof of Inclusion).


🔤. Small size:
Merkle Tree summarizes large data into a single hash, saving space and improving performance.


🐐Where is the Merkel Tree used?

1️⃣. Blockchain:
Used to summarize transactions within blocks.

In Bitcoin: All transactions are stored in a Merkle tree.

In Ethereum: Used to store smart contract states.



2️⃣. File systems:
Like IPFS, files are stored decentrally and their integrity is verified using a Merkle tree.


3️⃣. Security Certificates:
Such as the Certificate Transparency protocol used to secure communications.

Merkle Tree is not just a technical term; it is an essential part of the backbone of the blockchain. Thanks to it, we can trust that data cannot be changed, and that security is not just a promise but a mathematically proven fact.

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