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China’s Economic Warfare Tactics (2024 Updates)
1. Dumping U.S. Debt
- China remains one of the largest foreign holders of U.S. Treasury bonds, but its holdings have declined from **$1.3 trillion (2013) to around $800 billion (2024).
- Instead of outright selling, China is letting bonds mature without reinvestment, subtly reducing exposure while avoiding market panic.
- Why? To weaken reliance on the dollar and push for yuan internationalization (e.g., BRICS trade settlements in local currencies).

2. Rare Earth Dominance
- China controls ~90% of global rare earth refining (critical for chips, EVs, and weapons).
- In 2023, China banned export of gallium and germanium (key for semiconductors), directly targeting U.S. tech.
- New "No Limits" partnership with Russia secures alternative mineral supplies, bypassing Western sanctions.

3. Price Transparency & Economic Asymmetry
- TikTok and Temu/Shein expose Western markup disparities (e.g., $20 Chinese-made goods sold for $200 in the U.S.).
- Undercutting U.S. manufacturers: Chinese EVs (BYD, NIO) cost half the price of American equivalents, leveraging state subsidies.

4. Food & Trade Leverage
- Beef Blockade: China rejected U.S. beef shipments over "phytosanitary concerns" (a recurring tactic) while signing **long-term deals with Australia** (2024).
- Corn & Soybean Shift: China now imports more from Brazil, using its "dual circulation" strategy to reduce dependency on U.S. agriculture.

5. Tech & Infrastructure Wars
- Huawei’s 7nm Chip Breakthrough: Despite U.S. sanctions, China is advancing in semiconductors.
- Belt & Road Expansion: 150+ countries now signed on, creating debt traps and political leverage (e.g., Sri Lanka port seizures).

Why the U.S. Is Losing the Soft War
- Tariffs Backfire: U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods haven’t reshored jobs—they’ve increased costs for Americans (e.g., 25% tariffs = higher prices for electronics, clothing).
- China’s Alternatives: BRICS+, local currency trade, and gold-backed yuan threaten dollar hegemony.
- U.S. Overextension: Military focus on Ukraine/Israel distracts from economic competition with China.

What’s Next?
- 2025 Tipping Point: China may accelerate Taiwan economic coercion (e.g., more trade bans, cyberattacks) while avoiding direct war.
- U.S. Countermeasures? Biden’s CHIPS Act and mineral deals with Africa are steps, but too slow compared to China’s state-driven economy.

Conclusion: China’s strategy is long-term, patient, and asymmetrical. The U.S. is still reacting—not leading—in this economic conflict.

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