V神新提案

ZK+OP+TEE! Vitalik's New Proposal Aims to Build a 'Triangular' Defense for Ethereum L2

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently proposed an ambitious Layer 2 security enhancement plan, attempting to address the core challenges faced by current scaling solutions through an innovative hybrid proof architecture.

This proposal combines three major technologies: Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZK), Optimistic Proofs (OP), and Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), creating a multi-layered defense system that ensures security without sacrificing performance.

In simple terms, when transactions are running normally on Layer 2, as long as two of the proof systems reach consensus, the transaction can gain instant finality; if there is a disagreement, the system will automatically enter a 7-day challenge period; and in extreme cases, a specially designated security committee will intervene to maintain network stability.

The proposal comes at a critical stage in Ethereum's scaling efforts. With the Pectra upgrade set to be completed in a few weeks, the data capacity of each block will increase to 6 units, while the subsequent Fusaka upgrade plans to expand this number to 72, significantly improving Layer 2's throughput and transaction costs.

Buterin particularly emphasized that current technological advancements have made it possible to generate Zero-Knowledge Proofs within a single time slot, laying the foundation for a standardized proof aggregation layer. This shared mechanism is expected to reduce the gas costs of ZK proofs by approximately 90%, greatly enhancing the experience for developers and users.

It is worth noting that this proposal is not simply a pile of technical solutions, but rather a carefully designed incremental roadmap. Buterin clearly stated that as ZK technology matures and key vulnerabilities are addressed, the ultimate goal is to completely eliminate reliance on semi-trusted components like TEE, achieving fully decentralized instant certainty.

In summary, this pragmatic attitude reflects the Ethereum core team's balanced consideration between technological innovation and engineering implementation, and it signals that the Layer 2 ecosystem is about to usher in a new wave of technological upgrades. Therefore, for the entire blockchain industry, this proposal could redefine the security standards for scaling solutions and provide important references for the scaling practices of other public chains.

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