Indpakwar

*The India-Pakistan War: A History of Conflict and Tension*

The India-Pakistan war has been a recurring theme in the region's history, with both countries engaging in multiple conflicts since gaining independence from British rule in 1947. The primary cause of these conflicts has been the disputed region of Kashmir, although other factors such as border disputes, terrorism, and water sharing have also contributed to the tensions.

*Major Conflicts Between India and Pakistan*

- *First Kashmir War (1947-1948)*: The first war between India and Pakistan began in October 1947, when Pakistan sent troops to Kashmir, which was then a princely state ruled by a Hindu king, Hari Singh. The war ended with a ceasefire and the establishment of the Line of Control (LoC), which still serves as the de facto border between the two countries.
- *Second Indo-Pak War (1965)*: This war started with Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, aimed at infiltrating Kashmir and sparking an insurgency against Indian rule. India responded with a full-scale military attack, and the war lasted for 17 days, resulting in thousands of casualties on both sides.
- *Indo-Pak War of 1971 (Bangladesh Liberation War)*: This war was unique in that it did not involve Kashmir directly. Instead, it was sparked by the Bangladesh independence movement, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. India intervened in support of the Bangladesh Liberation Movement, and Pakistan launched a pre-emptive strike, leading to a full-scale war.
- *Kargil War (1999)*: This conflict began when Pakistani troops infiltrated across the LoC into the Kargil district of Kashmir. India responded with a military and diplomatic offensive, and international pressure eventually forced Pakistan to withdraw its troops.

*Other Significant Conflicts and Standoffs*

- *Siachen Conflict (1984-2003)*: A military conflict over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.
- *2001-2002 India-Pakistan Standoff*: Tensions escalated after the attack on the Indian Parliament, leading to a military standoff that was eventually de-escalated through diplomatic efforts.
- *2016 Uri Attack and Surgical Strikes*: India conducted surgical strikes on terrorist launch pads across the LoC in response to the Uri attack.
- *2019 Pulwama Attack and Balakot Airstrikes*: Indian airstrikes on Balakot within Pakistan after a suicide attack on a CRPF convoy in Pulwama, Kashmir.

*The Current Situation*

The relationship between India and Pakistan remains complex and volatile, with both countries maintaining a heavy military presence along the border. Recent incidents, such as the Pahalgam terror attack, have led to increased tensions and diplomatic actions. The situation remains a concern for regional and global stability ¹ ².