Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly with the rise of large language models (LLMs), is rapidly infiltrating every aspect of our lives. These models, trained on vast datasets collected from all corners of the internet, are achieving human-level success in many fields. However, the development and distribution of this powerful technology is often controlled by a few major players, i.e., it operates in a centralized structure. This raises serious concerns about security, privacy, fairness, and how AI aligns with human values.
What if there was a way to make AI more transparent, fair, and accessible to everyone? This is where the concept of decentralization comes in. Blockchain-powered decentralized structures offer a promising way to ensure transparency and democratization in AI production and distribution processes. However, existing blockchain infrastructures are still struggling to meet the internet-scale demands required by real-world AI systems.
To address these challenges, the OG (Zero Gravity) project has emerged. OG is making a significant step by offering a fully decentralized artificial intelligence operating system (dAIOS) with a modular and layered architecture.
What is OG? The Architecture of a Decentralized Future
OG is essentially a comprehensive system aimed at moving AI workflows to a decentralized environment. It does this through three main network components that work organically together and a consensus network that governs them:
OG Storage Network (OG Storage): The layer where data essential for AI is stored securely and scalably.OG Data Availability Network (OG DA): The layer that ensures the verification of off-chain states for decentralized AI networks, particularly Layer 2 solutions and optimistic mechanisms.OG Compute Network (Service Marketplace): A decentralized service marketplace supporting various computational tasks such as data retrieval, AI inference, and even training.OG Consensus Networks: Core layers that manage resources in these networks without permission, ensuring the security, transaction ordering, and data sequencing across the networks.
One of the most striking features of OG is the innovative sharding mechanisms used across all of these network components. This enables OG to theoretically offer infinite horizontal scalability, aiming to eliminate the barriers to the true democratization of AI.
A Closer Look at the Layers of OG
Let’s dive deeper into the core components that make up OG:
1. OG Storage: Reliable and Flexible Data Management
OG Storage not only stores data but also provides a layered architecture that caters to different application needs:
Log System Layer: A layer designed for archiving unstructured raw data that is append-only, ensuring data is sequentially ordered through a log-like mechanism.Key-Value Store Runtime: Built on top of the log system, this layer manages mutable and structured data. With access control mechanisms, it enables applications like decentralized social networks.Transactional Processing: This mechanism offers optimistic concurrency control to support simultaneous updates on the KV store (e.g., collaborative editing tools like Google Docs). OG Storage uses an innovative Proof of Random Access (PoRA) mechanism to incentivize the storage of data. Miners (storage nodes) are rewarded for proving they can randomly query archived data. This system balances fairness for small miners, discourages external storage usage, and ensures the replica count of data is managed by rewarding those storing rare data.
2. OG Data Availability (OG DA): Ensuring Off-Chain Verification
In decentralized systems, especially Layer 2 solutions or optimistic AI networks, the ability to verify off-chain outcomes is critical. OG DA is designed to meet this need.
OG DA splits the data availability workflow into two main paths:
Data Publishing Lane: Ensures data availability by controlling the collective signatures of relevant DA nodes on the consensus network. This only requires a small amount of data flow through the consensus protocol.Data Storage Lane: Where large-scale data transfers occur, supported by horizontal scalability through erasure coding-based data slicing.
Security is provided by DA nodes, which are stakeholders in the OG consensus. These nodes form randomly generated committees (quorums) using verifiable random functions (VRFs), and their collective signatures are sent to the OG consensus for data availability approval. OG DA also speeds up erasure coding using GPU-accelerated solutions.
3. OG Compute Network and Service Marketplace: The Hub for Decentralized Services
As a dAIOS, OG not only provides storage and data availability but also a platform for managing decentralized computing resources: the OG Compute Network. This network functions as a service marketplace where various tasks (data retrieval, AI inference, AI training, etc.) are distributed and verified.
Operation: Service providers register the types of services they offer, pricing, and verification methods on smart contracts. Users discover and interact with these services by making a prepaid payment in OG tokens.Interaction: Users directly interact with service providers, send requests, receive responses, and validate the response. Providers send signed request/response records to smart contracts to receive their payment.Efficiency: Workloads can be perfectly partitioned for horizontal scalability, minimizing blockchain load. OG optimizes on-chain consensus costs using zero-knowledge proof mechanisms.Convenience: OG offers SDKs and APIs to make it easy for service providers to register their services and for users to explore and interact with them.
Infinite Scalability: Multiple Consensus and Shared Staking
Perhaps OG's most ambitious feature is its scalability approach. The system operates not on a single consensus network, but with multiple parallel and independent consensus networks.
A key component of this architecture is the shared staking mechanism. Validators participate in the maintenance of all consensus networks, while using a single shared staking state. This state can be held on the OG network or even on external networks like Ethereum. Tokens generated through incentives in one network can be converted into the main staking token (e.g., an ERC20 token) via a secure cross-chain bridge. This design ensures that all OG consensus networks share the same high level of security. Through restaking frameworks like EigenLayer or Babylon, it is even possible to ensure security at the level of Bitcoin or Ethereum. This multi-consensus and shared staking design gives OG’s system the theoretical potential for infinite scalability.
A Step Towards the Democratization of AI
In the face of privacy, fairness, and control issues brought about by centralized AI platforms, decentralized solutions like OG offer great hope. With its integrated storage, data availability, and compute layers, OG provides a comprehensive, modular, and, importantly, scalable decentralized AI operating system that raises the bar in this field. OG’s ultimate goal is to democratize AI development and distribution, increase transparency, and shift control from a single center to the community. This vision could help facilitate the transition of AI applications from Web2 to Web3 and contribute to building a fairer and more participatory future on the path toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).
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