0xPolygon

Polygon's Agglayer has reached a major technical milestone with the launch of pessimistic proofs on mainnet via its v0.2 upgrade. This advancement supports secure interoperability between chains with different security models—bringing Agglayer closer to becoming fully multistack compatible.
Pessimistic proofs introduce a conservative security approach that treats every chain as untrusted by default. This ensures no single chain can withdraw more assets than it has deposited on the unified bridge, even if that chain operates without zero-knowledge (ZK) execution proofs.
This mechanism supports two key goals:
Flexibility: Chains built on varying stacks and with different proof systems (or none) can connect to the same infrastructure.
Safety: It guarantees that connected chains can interoperate securely via a shared bridge tied to Ethereum.
Here’s how it works:
Agglayer collects data from connected chains.
It verifies whether internal accounting is valid (e.g., balances and withdrawals).
Only if a chain’s behavior passes validation will it be allowed to interact with the unified bridge.
As a result, chains without ZK execution proofs can now safely interact with other chains within the Agglayer ecosystem, enabling cross-chain activity like swapping assets or interacting with dApps on other networks.
Polygon has stated that the next update, Agglayer v0.3, is expected by the end of Q1 and will introduce full multistack support for EVM chains.

For a deeper technical breakdown, the official blog post is available here:
polygon.technology/blog/major-development-upgrade-for-a-multistack-future-pessimistic-proofs-live-on-agglayer-mainnet
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